A New Map of Illinois with its Proposed Canals, Roads & Distances

Mid-19th century map of Illinois showcasing the state’s developing transportation system.

This is a hand colored map of Illinois, published in 1847 by Samuel Augustus Mitchell for his Universal Atlas. Produced with the traveler in mind, the image shows a variety of interesting details related to transportation across the state.

Distances between places on land are provided adjacent to the roads, whereas the length of steamboat routes are provided in two tables. Elsewhere, canals and railroads are highlighted using blue and orange, respectively. The Illinois and Michigan Canal is depicted in full, though it wouldn’t officially open for commercial use until the year after publication.

In the eastern portion of the state, the large area labeled as Bounty Lands reflect the plots set aside as payment for veterans from the War of 1812. An inset map of the lead region in southwest Wisconsin reflects one of the region’s most attractive industries for new settlers to the area, and includes a separate legend identifying ore deposits, smelting furnaces, mines, farms and mills.