[WWII Map of Australia]

Bracing for a Japanese attack in Australia.

This uncommon graphic poster map of Australia was designed by LIFE staff artists Frank Stockman and Anthony Sodaro. It was originally published in a reduced format as part of the March 23, 1942 issue of LIFE Magazine. This is a supplemental enlargement, intended for public display in schools, workplaces, etc. At the time, there was significant concern among the Allies about an impending Japanese invasion of Australia. The recent fall of Singapore (Feb. 1942) and the ongoing successful assault on nearby New Guinea gave good reason for fear.

The image reflects the island nation’s vulnerability to attack. Several coastal cities like Darwin, Broome, and Port Moresby are noted as having been bombed several times. Sparse transportation infrastructure makes resupply across the vast areas incredibly difficult. Thousands of miles of coastline offer ample avenues for invasion, with different possibilities outlined in a small inset in the lower left. Fortunately for the Allies, Japan’s naval superiority and Pacific advances would be checked at the Battle of the Coral Sea in early May.

Further reading in TIME Magazine.