Map of Wisconsin Showing Geology and Roads

Dual-purpose wall map of Wisconsin from the early 1910s.

“The colors on the map correspond to the columnar section and indicate the kind of solid rock that would be found in each locality if the “earth” were cleared away.” Text, lower left.

This impressive map of Wisconsin was published in 1911 by the state’s Geological and Natural History Survey. Vibrant shades of red, pink, and orange highlight various geologic systems, with a detailed legend in the lower left outlining the characteristics, economic products, and formation names of each strata. Immediately below is a brief geological history, adjacent to a large multi-part cross-section of the entire state.

Also of interest are the ‘main traveled roads’, emphasized in bold red lines. Though the number of vehicles in Wisconsin had increased to over 20,000 from 1900-1911, the state lacked any formalized system of road network until the introduction of the numbered highway system in 1917. Little information is provided on the usability of such roadways and only a small fraction were likely paved.

The map was designed by prominent geologists Fredrik Turville Thwaites and William Hotchkiss, the latter of whom also served on the state’s first highway commission. Engraved and printed by Auguste Hoen & Co. in Baltimore. Mounted by A.J. Nystom & Co. in Chicago.