Map of the Western States by J.M. Atwood

Magnificent map alluding to the origins of the ‘Midwest.’

As the United States expanded across the continent during the 19th century, the definition of the ‘west’ would gradually change. In the early half of the century, it generally meant the states the comprised the former Northwest Territory, but as the population grew, it would eventually refer to the Pacific Coast.

This is an excellent example of the contemporary understanding of the western states, engraved by J.M. Atwood and published in New York by Ensign, Bridgman & Fanning in 1856. Patterns of growth can be seen increasing from east to west with the proliferation of railroads and canals, as well as smaller county borders. Michigan’s Upper Peninsula and the Minnesota Territory (statehood wouldn’t be attained until 1858) remain remote and relatively unpopulated. Portions of eastern Kansas and Nebraska are also shown – at the time of issue the area was in the midst of a violent political conflict over slavery known as ‘Bleeding Kansas.’

Other contemporary items of interest include Native American reservations, local industries like mines and mills, and frontier fortifications. The image is surrounded by a decorative grapevine border and anchored with views of the four most important cities in the west; Chicago, Cincinnati, St. Louis and Detroit.