East Indies [and] West Indies Showing Spanish Possessions

Potential spoils during the ongoing Spanish-American War.

This vibrant double-sided map of the East and West Indies was published in Chicago by the firm of George F. Cram. The nomenclature of the titles, approximating to the modern-day Caribbean and Southeast Asia, reflects the commercial priorities of Western powers that persisted well into the 20th century. Though the sheet is undated, the bold proclamation of ‘Showing Spanish Possessions’ in both upper margins indicates it was most likely issued shortly before or during the Spanish-American War (1898).

There is evident visual solidarity between the flags of the United States and Cuba, then fighting their own war of independence. Political units are distinguished by bright printed colors, reflecting the centuries of colonialism that affected both regions. Numerous steamship routes are noted, but those particularly relevant (militarily or economically) are highlighted in red and distinctly labeled. Only certain railroads are shown, notably the Panama Canal Railway and several lines across Cuba.

The map is a small part of a much broader contemporary American media trend in which the Spanish were demonized for their overseas empire, particularly in Cuba. Unscrupulous journalists published stories about widespread atrocities throughout the island, presenting the U.S. as the potential savior of a friendly neighbor. There were also economic considerations. The concentration of steamship routes across the Caribbean reflects heavy business interests, including the Plant System and the Ward Line.